Method of bonding concrete.



vS. W. FLESHEIM. METHOD 0F BONDING CONCRETE.

PrLmATIoN FILED JUNE 19, 1911.

1,012,832. Patented 116112111911.

0512/778/ Flour l WITNE'JsE! 1.5 limically andpermaiiently a UNITED STATES PATENT sYLvEsTEE w. FLESHEIM, oF CLEVELAND, omdnssreNoit 'ro THE MASTER.

:BUILDERS coMPANY, oF CLEVELAND, omo, A CORPORATION oF omo.v Y

METHOD or B oNDINe CONCRETE'.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented-Dec. 26, 1911.

Application led June 19, 1.911. Serial No. GSQOSBSQRETSSUED l.

To all whom 'it may concern.

Be it known that I, SYLvEsTER W. FLESHEIM, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Methods of. Bonding Concrete, of which the followin is a full, clear, fand exact description, re erence being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to cement or concrete structures and has for its object the production of a process whereby amnew, cement or concrete structure can be ecoed to aprerieuslyxistent of the same material.

It is frequently necessary in building or altering operations to build a new cement wall or facing upon a mass of concrete' which has already Yhardened and erhaps been worn by tralic or eroded y the weather. An instance of this condition is the laying of a newmgongietemfkmrng upon a coicetezflormwhich has already become worn or marred. Heretofore it has always been necessary to break or chisel away a considerable lamount of the 4old structure, both for the pur ose of produc .30 ing a rough and uneven sur ace upon which the fresh concrete can become bonded, and to render the thickness of such new coat-v ing sufficiently great to prevent its peeling away by reason of its contraction, 4or its being broken upb blows and shocks.

The object of t 's invention' is the production of a proces of treating the surface of an old structure so that newly laid cement will be irml and permanently af- 40 fixed thereto, even t ough the thiclmess of the new coating be comparatively slight,` thus markedly cheapening and facilitating the operation of resurfacmg or adding to the revious structure. T e invention consists in the 'process' hereinafter fully4 described and pointed out .inlthalclains." -dthf^ l ave iscovere at w en a p tic Vmass containing finely divided corro 1 e 50, metal artlcles is' spread upon tlie surface lof the already existin concrete "structure,

the portion of that p astio mass adjacent to the surface of vthe old structure will penetrate into the pores thereof and will therei it after become oxidized and 'swell up en -ns to become rmlyinterlocked therewith,'ai 1d that 1f the new coating or the'new structure be la1d upon this plastic coating' before the same has thoroughly set, it will in its I turn become firmly anchored Vthereto `inthe same manner, so that when the wholemass becomes dried andl hardened4 it will be per-V manently fixed in place. -In preparing this plastic mass I preferably employ a mixture of finely divided metallicY iron and pulver-ized cement and drv sal-ammoniac substantially 1n the followingproportions. v

'Iron L9-47% Cement L 49-47% Sal-ammoniac 245% When lI desire .to employ the same I mii-i' trowel to athickuess of from one-sixteenth inch upward and I' preferably work the same thoroughly into contact with all parts of the old structure. The new coating is then applied in the usual way leither by pouring or by troweling as may be most convement, care being taken to apply .the

same before the first or slush coating has v had a chance to set. This slush coating is usually made rather thin in order to save expense, as a thin coating will anchor the new cement as thoroughly as a thicker coating, since it is the sur is important.

Y he summons almereslgdarer-notinvariablerbll lliwidel vvaried without departing from the scope o my invention or losing the benefits of my process. In many instances it will be found possible to employ a slush coating containing a smaller amount of 29p, especially where the wear expected is notl heavy, and, conversely,., a much richer coating can be employed if desired. In fact the cement can be entirely dis ensed within many lfroglf I prefer towmiiploy the same in order to thicken the mixture and hold the iron particles in suspension during the time of their application as well as to cheapen the process. The -s al-anumgnniac; is employed. solely for the purpose of expediting the oxldation nfiheronrarcls, although Otherlbxidiz? in a ents may 4obviously be ew@ l figriirelv omitted although w1 a 110 corresponding increase in the time required to allow the coating to set. Sand can also be added to the mixture in or er to dilute and cheapen thesame.

5 In case I am' resurfacing a oor, I prefer to mix the cement coating also with a small percent-a e of the samel finely divided parti-` cles, wi or without the use of sal-ammoniac, inasmuch' as.this ex edient pro' pansion of the' iron particles due to theiroxidation` will be -found to compensate in a large measure the shrinkage of the cement due toits drying and hardening, and so diminish its tendency to curl up and eel away from the surface to which it is` ap ied.

In the drawing accompanying and fbrming a part of this application I have illustrated the application of my new methodof bonding cement under several different conditions of use. This drawing illustrates a portion of a concrete ioor and of a wall built u of concrete blocks, the blocks being securedp together with a mortar made according to my invention :and both the floor and wall being covered with a facing or sur-' 85 face layer of cementitious material bonded thereto in accordance with my invention. The blocks are shown at 1, the mortar between them at 2, the slush coat of bonding material at 3, the original concrete floor at 40 4, the floor topping at 5, and the wall facin at 6. .The mortar shown at 2 is composed of exactly the same ingredient-s as the slush coat above described, but is preferably considerably poorer in iron and richer in cement, in order that its body and consistency may be increased. The effect of the iron particles in penetrating into the pores of the concrete blocks is illustrated at 2*.

The original floor4 is sup osed to have been laid after the building o the side wall according to the usual practice, and to have been bonded thereto in accordance with my invention by means of a slush coat indicated in cross section at 3*, thus causing the -rm 5l adherence of these parts and preventing such a'breaking away as would permit the entrance of water or vermin therein. The method of spreading the slush coat 3 and of applying the topping 5 and facing 6. will be apparent to any one skilled in the art` from the preceding description and further lelucidation is believed to be unnecessary.

While I have specified'iron as the material which I refer to use it is obvious that other corrodib e` metals may be employed incase they be such as will expand upon corrosion, but the cheapnes alnd accesilbilityupf iron renders it articu ar y desira e. er corrodin a dnts than 4sal-ammoniac may also -o5vUsly`5e"employed and may be added either in the dry state before mixing with water or may be added to the water and employed in solution.

While I have described my process as ernployed with cement structures it is obvious that it may be employed with structures of any porous' material such as brick or stone with satisfactory results. It will also be found that if a mortar of cement mixed4 with finely dividede iron particles be employed between already formed porous structures such as concrete blocks', the adhesion of the same will be much improved by reasonof the penetrating and interlocking qualit-ies of the iron articles. While I have necessarily describe my invention inl det-ail I do not, therefore, propose to be limited to such details exce t as the same may be positively included 1n the claims hereto annexed or may be rendered necessary by the prior state of the art.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. The process of bonding a new cement structure to an already existent porous structure which consists .in applying to the surface of the latter structure a coating of cement containing finely comminuted corrodible metallic articles and applying to the surface of suoli coating in advance of itsl hardening, a new cement structure whereby said metallic particles may penetrate into the pores .of both said structures and become firmly interlocked therewith. A

2. The process of bonding together two porous cementitious structures which consists in interposin therebetween a plastic mass containlng ely divided corrodible metallic particles whereby said metallic particles may penetrate into the pores of said structures and become interlocked therewith upon oxidation so as to bind the two firmly together.

he process of bonding a new cement structure to an already existing cement structure which consists in a plying to the latter structure a plastic coating containing cement and finely divided corrodible metallic particles and a corroding agent, and applylng the new cement structure to the surace of said first coating before the harden- \ing thereof whereby the metallic particles will penetrate the'pores of both structures and become firmly interlocked therewith.

*4. The process of resurfacin an already existing dementstructure whic `consists in applying to the surface of such structure a plastic coating containing finely divided corrodible metal ic particles, and thereafter applying to said coating in advance of the hardening thereofa surface of cement mixed I of cement mixed with finely divided iron tol '10 with finely divided iron. saidv coating in advance of the hardening 5. The process of resurfacing an 'already thereof. existing cement structure which consists in In testimony whereof, I hereunto afx my applying to the surface of such structure a signature in the presence of two witnesses. plast-ic coating consisting substantially of cev S. W.'FLESHEIM. ment fifty parts, finely divided metallic iron Witnesses: y A fifty parts and sal-ammoniac 'two parts W. E. NEWMAN, mixed with water and of applying a surface A. D. HIGKEY.

l Copies of this patent may be obtained for nve cents each, by addressing the Oommissionex of Patents,

Washington, D. C. Y 

